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decorator crab
Decorator crabs are crabs of several different species, belonging to the superfamily Majoidea (not all of which are decorators), that use materials from their environment to hide from, or ward off, predators. They stick mostly sedentary animals and plants to their bodies as camouflage or, if the attached organisms are noxious, to ward off predators through aposematism.
==History==
In 1889, William Bateson observed in detail the way that decorator crabs fix materials on their backs. He noted that "()he whole proceeding is most human and purposeful", and that if a ''Stenorhynchus'' crab is cleaned, it will "''immediately'' begin to clothe itself again with the same care and precision as before".
In his ''The Colours of Animals'' (1890), Edward Bagnall Poulton classified protective animal coloration into types such as warning colours and protective mimicry. He included self decoration under the heading "Adventitious Protection", quoting Bateson's account of decorator crabs.
In his ''Adaptive Coloration in Animals'' (1940), Hugh Bamford Cott describes self decoration under the heading "adventitious concealing coloration", also naming it "adventitious resemblance". He describes it as a device "perhaps unrivalled" for effective concealment, and points out that it is brought about and depends on "highly specialized behaviour". Further, it grades into other means of protection including "the borrowing of protection from aposematic partners" and the use of "fortified hiding-places" and burrows. Cott compares the way Australian aborigines once used water lily leaves over their faces to swim up to waterfowl until they could catch them by the legs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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